Cystic acne, an extreme form of acne, is characterized by deep, inflamed breakouts that lead to painful lesions. As well as causing physical distress, these blemishes can have a profound emotional impact, lowering self-esteem and confidence. While numerous factors contribute to the development of cystic acne, certain triggers are more common than others.

Hormonal Imbalances

One of the primary causes of cystic acne is hormonal imbalances, typically elevated levels of androgens. Androgens stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce an excess amount of oil. This overproduction of oil can clog pores, encouraging bacteria growth and inflammation that leads to the development of cystic acne. Hormonal changes commonly occur during adolescence, pregnancy, and menstruation, making these times of particular risk.

Diet

Diet significantly influences the health of your skin. Consuming foods with a high glycemic index, such as refined carbohydrates and sugar-filled snacks, causes a spike in insulin levels, triggering an increase in sebum production which can result in clogged pores and acne. Dairy products, due to the presence of hormones, can also contribute to acne.

Genetics

Genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in the onset of cystic acne. If your parents or siblings experienced severe acne, it’s more likely you’ll experience it too. Scientists believe that certain genes could lead to a higher sensitivity towards acne-causing bacteria and increased sebum production.

Stress

Stress doesn’t directly cause cystic acne; however, it can exacerbate the condition. Stress triggers the release of cortisol, a hormone that also instructs the body to produce more sebum. This increased oil production can lead to clogged pores, enabling cystic acne and making existing acne worse.

Poor Hygiene and Care Practices

Although acne is not a result of dirt, improper skin hygiene can intensify the problem. Over-cleansing, for example, can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading the sebaceous glands to produce even more oil to compensate. Furthermore, using skincare products that are not suitable for your skin type or condition can aggravate your skin and promote the development of acne.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

A lesser-known but significant cause of severe skin abscesses and cystic acne is a chronic skin condition named Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS). Those with HS develop painful lumps under the skin in areas where skin rubs together. Hidradenitis suppurativa treatment often involves medication, but in severe cases, may require surgery. The relationship between HS and acne is complex, and studies are ongoing to understand the intricacies of this link.

Cystic acne can be distressing, but understanding its causes can help direct effective treatments and preventive measures. Since several variables contribute to cystic acne, a holistic approach that involves medical treatment, dietary changes, stress management, and appropriate skincare is often the most effective. Always consult with a dermatologist for personalized treatment strategies.